Professor Marko Milanovic

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Professor of Public International Law
Areas of interest
- Public International Law
- International Human Rights Law
- International Humanitarian Law
- International Cyber Law
- Use of Force
Research centres and groups
Global Law at Reading (GLAR)Background
Marko Milanovic is Professor of Public International Law at the University of Reading School of Law. He is co-general editor of the ongoing Tallinn Manual 3.0 project on the application of international law in cyberspace and Senior Fellow, NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence. He is also co-editor of EJIL: Talk!, the blog of the European Journal of International Law, as well as a member of the EJIL’s Editorial Board. Professor Milanovic was formerly Professor of Public International Law and Co-Director of the Human Rights Law Centre at the University of Nottingham School of Law, and served as Vice-President and member of the Executive Board of the European Society of International Law.
Professor Milanovic held visiting professorships at Michigan Law School, Columbia Law School, Deakin Law School, the University of Bologna, the University of the Philippines College of Law, and the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights. In 2021-22 Professor Milanovic served as one of three high-level experts appointed by the UN High Commissioner on Human Rights to assist her in conducting a comprehensive examination of alleged human rights violations committed in Belarus since 1 May 2020, as mandated by the UN Human Rights Council. In 2022 he was awarded the Serge Lazareff Prize for excellence in legal services by the NATO Allied Command Operations Office of Legal Affairs. He is currently advising a taskforce supporting the Prosecutor General of Ukraine regarding accountability for crimes committed during the Ukrainian conflict.
Professor Milanovic is a prolific author in human rights law, public international law, international criminal law and the law of armed conflict with leading publishers and peer-reviewed journals. His publications include one monograph, one edited collection, 26 research articles, 15 book chapters and over 400 blog posts (SSRN author page). He has regularly published with both Oxford and Cambridge university presses, as well as in the two most highly regarded international legal journals, the European Journal of International Law and the American Journal of International Law. His work has been cited, inter alia, by judges of the European Court of Human Rights, the UK Supreme Court, and the High Court of England and Wales, as well as by the International Law Commission. He was a recipient of the British Academy Mid-Career Fellowship for a project on the legal aspects of intelligence sharing in multinational military operations. He is also an Associate of the Belgrade Centre for Human Rights.
Professor Milanovic was counsel or advisor in cases before the International Court of Justice, the European Court of Human Rights, and the Constitutional Court of Serbia. He is a frequent participant in expert meetings organized by international institutions, including the OHCHR, the European Commission, international criminal tribunals, the European Court of Human Rights, the International Committee of the Red Cross, and Chatham House. He has also regularly presented his research at the world’s leading universities and at the most prestigious academic conferences in human rights law and international law. In particular, he was a panelist at the conferences of the American Society of International Law (2019, 2016, 2013, 2011), the European Society of International Law (2019, 2014, 2008, 2006), the Society of Legal Scholars (2011), symposia of the EJIL (2012, 2007), and the 2016 Conference of the Association of Human Rights Institutes. Professor Milanovic obtained his first degree in law from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, his LL.M from the University of Michigan Law School, and his PhD in international law from the University of Cambridge. His doctoral thesis was awarded the Yorke Prize. He served as Law Clerk to Judge Thomas Buergenthal of the International Court of Justice in 2006/2007.
Selected publications
Publications by Marko Milanovic can be viewed here.Publications
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Milanovic, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 (2023) Britain’s contributions to human rights law. British Yearbook of International Law pp 0. ISSN: 2044-9437 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bybil/brad007
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Milanovic, M.
and
Schmitt, M.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7373-9557 (2022) The Kerch Strait Bridge attack, retaliation, and international law. Articles of War
- Milanovic, M. (2022) State acquiescence or connivance in the wrongful conduct of third parties in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. In: Kajtár, G. , Çali, B. , Milanovic, M. , (eds.) Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law: Attribution, Causality, Evidence, and Standards of Review in the Practice of International Courts and Tribunals. European Society of International Law Oxford University Press ISBN: 9780192869012
- Milanovic, M. (2022) Surveillance and cyber operations. In: Gibney, M. , Erdem Turkelli, G. , Krajewski, M. , Vandenhole, W. , (eds.) The Routledge Handbook on Extraterritorial Human Rights Obligations. Routledge pp. 366-379. ISBN: 9780367546489 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003090014
- Milanovic, M. and Sivakumaran, S. (2022) Assessing the authority of the ICRC customary IHL study. International Review of the Red Cross , 104 (920-921). pp. 1856-1897. ISSN: 1816-3831 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1816383122000509
- Kajtar, G. , Cali, B. , Milanovic, M. , eds. (2022) Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law: Attribution, Causality, Evidence, and Standards of Review in the Practice of International Courts and Tribunals. Oxford University Press pp 360. (In Press) ISBN: 9780192869012
- Milanovic, M. (2021) Intelligence sharing in multinational military operations and state complicity under international law. International Law Studies , 97 pp. 1269-1403. ISSN: 2375-2831
- Milanovic, M. (2020) Courting failure: when are international criminal courts likely to be believed by local audiences?. In: Heller, K. , Mégret, F. , Nouwen, S. , Ohlin, J. , Robinson, D. , (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of International Criminal Law. Oxford University Press pp. 261-290. ISBN: 9780198825203 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198825203.003.0012
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Milanovic, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 (2020) The murder of Jamal Khashoggi: immunities, inviolability and the human right to life. Human Rights Law Review , 20 (1). pp. 1-49. ISSN: 1744-1021 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngaa007
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Milanovic, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 (2020) Special rules of attribution of conduct in international law. International Law Studies , 96 pp. 295-393. ISSN: 2375-2831
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Milanovic, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 and Schmitt, M.
ORCID: 0000-0002-7373-9557 (2020) Cyber attacks and cyber (mis)information operations during a pandemic. Journal of National Security Law and Policy , 11 (1). pp. 247-284. ISSN: 1553-3158
- Milanovic, M. (2018) Jurisdiction and responsibility: trends in the jurisprudence of the Strasbourg court. In: van Aaken, A. and Motoc, I. , (eds.) European Convention on Human Rights and General International Law. European Society of International Law Oxford University Press pp. 97-111. ISBN: 9780191868399 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830009.003.0006
- Milanovic, M. (2018) Accounting for the complexity of the law applicable to modern armed conflicts. In: Williams, W. and Ford, C. , (eds.) Complex Battlespaces: The Law of Armed Conflict and the Dynamics of Modern Warfare. Oxford University Press pp. 33-60. ISBN: 9780190915360 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190915360.003.0002
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Milanović, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 and Papić, T. (2018) The applicability of the ECHR in contested territories. International and Comparative Law Quarterly , 67 (4). pp. 779-800. ISSN: 1471-6895 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0020589318000234
- Milanovic, M. (2016) Extraterritorial derogations from human rights treaties in armed conflict. In: Bhuta, N. , (eds.) The Frontiers of Human Rights: Extraterritoriality and its Challenges. Collected Courses of the Academy of European Law Oxford University Press pp. 55-88. ISBN: 9780198769279 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198769279.003.0003
- Milanovic, M. (2016) The lost origins of Lex Specialis: rethinking the relationship between human rights and International Humanitarian Law. In: Ohlin, J. , (eds.) Theoretical Boundaries of Armed Conflict and Human Rights. Cambridge University Press pp. 78-117. | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781316481103.004
- Milanovic, M. (2016) Extraterritoriality and human rights: prospects and challenges. In: Gammeltoft-Hansen, T. and Vedsted-Hansen, J. , (eds.) Human Rights and the Dark Side of Globalisation: Transnational law enforcement and migration control. Routledge pp. 53-79. ISBN: 9781138222236 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315408262
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Milanović, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 (2016) The impact of the ICTY on the former Yugoslavia: an anticipatory postmortem. American Journal of International Law , 110 (2). pp. 233-259. ISSN: 2161-7953 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.110.2.0233
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Milanovic, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 (2016) Establishing the facts about mass atrocities: accounting for the failure of the ICTY to persuade target audiences. Georgetown Journal of International Law , 47 (4). pp. 1321-1378.
- Milanovic, M. (2015) The applicability of the conventions to ‘transnational’ and ‘mixed’ conflicts. In: Clapham, A. , Gaeta, P. , Sassoli, M. , (eds.) The 1949 Geneva Conventions: A Commentary. Oxford Commentaries on International Law Oxford University Press ISBN: 9780199675449 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199675449.001.0001
- Milanovic, M. (2015) Arguing the Kosovo Case. In: Milanovic, M. and Wood, M. , (eds.) The Law and Politics of the Kosovo Advisory Opinion. Oxford University Press pp. 21-59. ISBN: 9780198717515 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198717515.003.0003
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Milanovic, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 (2015) Human rights treaties and foreign surveillance: privacy in the digital age. Harvard international Law Journal , 56 (1). pp. 81-146. ISSN: 0017-8063
- Milanovic, M. and Wood, M. , eds. (2015) The law and politics of the Kosovo Advisory Opinion. Oxford University Press , Oxford. ISBN: 9780198717515
- Milanovic, M. (2014) The spatial dimension: treaties and territory. In: Tams, C. , Tzanakopoulos, A. , Zimmermann, A. , (eds.) Research Handbook on the Law of Treaties. Research Handbooks in International Law series Edwards Elgar Publishing pp. 186-222. ISBN: 9780857934772
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Milanovic, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 (2014) The end of application of international humanitarian law. International Review of the Red Cross , 96 (893). pp. 163-188. ISSN: 1607-5889 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S181638311500003X
- Milanovic, M. and Hadzi-Vidanovic, V. (2013) A taxonomy of armed conflict. In: White, N. and Henderson, C. , (eds.) Research Handbook on International Conflict and Security Law: Jus Ad Bellum, Jus in Bello and Jus Post Bellum. Research Handbooks in International Law series Edwards Elgar Publishing pp. 256-314. ISBN: 9781849808569
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Milanovic, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 (2012) Aggression and legality: custom in Kampala. Journal of International Criminal Justice , 10 (1). pp. 165-187. ISSN: 1478-1395 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqr054
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Milanovic, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 (2012) Al-Skeini and Al-Jedda in Strasbourg. European Journal of International Law , 23 (1). pp. 121-139. ISSN: 1464-3596 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chr102
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Milanovic, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 (2012) On realistic utopias and other oxymorons: an essay on Antonio Cassese’s last book. European Journal of International Law , 23 (4). pp. 1033-1048. ISSN: 0938-5428 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chs069
- Milanovic, M. (2011) Norm conflicts, international humanitarian law and human rights law. In: Ben-Naftali, O. , (eds.) International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law. Oxford University Press pp. 95-126. ISBN: 9780191001604
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Milanović, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 (2011) Is the Rome Statute binding on individuals? (And why we should care). Journal of International Criminal Justice , 9 (1). pp. 25-52. ISSN: 1478-1395 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqq070
- Milanovic, M. (2011) Extraterritorial application of human rights treaties: law, principles, and policy. Oxford University Press , Oxford. pp 302. ISBN: 9780199696208
- Milanovic, M. (2009) Territorial application of the convention and state succession. In: Gaeta, P. , (eds.) The UN Genocide Convention: A Commentary. Oxford Commentaries on International Law Oxford University Press pp. 473-493. ISBN: 9780199570218 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199570218.001.0001
- Milanović, M. and Papić, T. (2009) As bad as it gets: the European Court of Human Rights’ Behrami and Saramati decision and general international law. International and Comparative Law Quarterly , 58 (2). pp. 267-296. ISSN: 1471-6895 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S002058930900102X
- Milanović, M. (2009) State responsibility for acts of non-state actors: a comment on Griebel and Plücken,. Leiden Journal of International Law , 22 (2). pp. 307-324. ISSN: 1478-9698 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0922156509005834
- Milanovic, M. (2009) Norm conflict in international law: whither human rights?. Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law , 20 (1). pp. 69-132. ISSN: 2328-9708
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Milanovic, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 (2009) The human rights committee’s views in Sayadi v. Belgium: a missed opportunity. Goettingen Journal of International Law , 1 (3). pp. 519-538. ISSN: 1868-1581
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Milanović, M.
ORCID: 0000-0003-3880-6096 (2009) A norm conflict perspective on the relationship between international humanitarian law and human rights law. Journal of Conflict & Security Law , 14 (3). pp. 459-483. ISSN: 1467-7962 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krp033
- Dimitrijević, V. and Milanović, M. (2008) The strange story of the Bosnian genocide case. Leiden Journal of International Law , 21 (1). pp. 65-94. ISSN: 1478-9698 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0922156507004736
- Milanović, M. (2008) From compromise to principle: clarifying the concept of state jurisdiction in human rights treaties. Human Rights Law Review , 8 (3). pp. 411-448. ISSN: 1744-1021 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngn021
- Milanovic, M. (2007) Da je Martens živ (if Martens were alive – in Serbian). Serbian Yearbook of International Law , 3
- Milanovic, M. (2007) Lessons for human rights and humanitarian law in the war on terror: comparing Hamdan and the Israeli Targeted Killings case. International Review of the Red Cross , 89 (866). pp. 373-393. ISSN: 1607-5889 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S181638310700104X
- Milanović, M. (2007) State responsibility for genocide: a follow-up. European Journal of International Law , 18 (4). pp. 669-694. ISSN: 1464-3596 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chm043
- Milanovic, M. (2007) An odd couple: domestic crimes and international responsibility in the Special Tribunal for Lebanon. Journal of International Criminal Justice , 5 (5). pp. 1139-1152. ISSN: 1478-1387 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqm074
- Milanovic, M. and Dimitrijevic, V. (2006) Human rights before International Criminal Courts. In: Grimheden, J. and Ring, R. , (eds.) Human Rights Law, from Dissemination to Application: Essays in Honour of Goran Melander. The Raoul Wallenberg Institute Human Rights Library Brill (26). pp. 149-168. ISBN: 9789004151819
- Milanovic, M. and Dimitrijevic, V. (2006) Human rights provisions in conventional sources of international criminal law and their effects on international criminal justice. The status of international treaties on human rights. EDC collection Science and technique of democracy The status of international treaties on human rights (42). ISBN: 9789287160133
- Milanovic, M. (2006) Narratives of justice for the Balkans: establishing responsibility for genocide in the Bosnian war. Serbian Yearbook of International Law , 2 pp. 237.
- Milanović, M. (2006) State responsibility for genocide. European Journal of International Law , 17 (3). pp. 553-604. ISSN: 1464-3596 | doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chl019